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(詳細はmitzvot (commandments) associated with Judaism's Shabbat ("Sabbath", dusk on Friday until sunset, Saturday.) In particular, under Jewish law (halakhah), the person who is Shomer Shabbat is expected to conform to the prohibitions against certain forms of ''melacha''—creative acts. The observant Jew does not cook, spend money, write, operate electrical devices, or do other activities prohibited on Shabbat. In addition, a variety of positive Sabbath commandments are expected to be fulfilled, such as Sabbath meals, rituals, prayers, kindness, benignity and rest. In contemporary Orthodox Judaism, the shomer Shabbat would typically strive to follow all the rules associated with the Sabbath. Within the liberal movements of Judaism, the phrase may signify a person who takes seriously the observance of the core mitzvot. The shomer Shabbat is an archetype mentioned in Jewish songs (e.g., ''Baruch El Elyon'') and the intended audience for various treatises on Jewish law and practice for the Sabbath day (e.g., ''Shmirat Shabbat ke-Hilkhata''). In 2000, the media took note that the candidate for U.S. Vice President, Senator Joseph Lieberman, is a shomer shabbat.〔Judith Shulevitz. "Former Toronto rabbi says Lieberman has found a way to observe the laws of Orthodox Judaism throughout his entire political career." ''Toronto Star''. August 12, 2000〕 ==Origin and usage== The term ''shomer Shabbat'' is derived from the wording of one of the Ten Commandments in Deuteronomy (5:14-15), which instructs the Hebrews to "observe" the Sabbath day and sanctify it. (In Exodus, the Decalogue states that they should "remember" the Sabbath.) The term appears in the Hebrew Bible only in Isaiah 56:2,6. Shomer Shabbat is not used in the Mishnah or Talmud, it occurs a handful of times in the midrashic literature. Similarly, the term is used infrequently in medieval and early modern rabbinic literature: for example, once in Maimonides, never in the Shulchan Aruch and rarely in responsa prior to the 20th century. The term has been used frequently, though, during the last 100 years. It is also used to name shuls, such as a predecessor to Machzike Hadath in London, a Gateshead synagogue (founded in 1897), and one in Boro Park. Over the years, shomer Shabbat readers have been offered specialized manuals on halakhah, including a popular book by Rabbi Yehoshua Neuwirth and ''Sefer Shomer Shabbat'' by David ben Aryeh Leib of Lida (ca. 1650-1696), pictured. A shomer Shabbat may be contrasted with the person who desecrates the Shabbat (''mekhallel shabbat''), a status of serious deviance when done in public.〔p.41f., Hartman Donniel. ''The Boundaries of Judaism''. Continuum: 2007.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shomer Shabbat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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